Chinese Education System Essay

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A Type Of Motivation Education Essay

Intrinsic and extrinsic are a type of motive that can be used at work, in life and in school. Ones behaviour and age are some other factors, to understanding the usage of intrinsic and extrinsic motive. This paper will explicate what intrinsic and extrinsic is, how it is used, advantages and disadvantages and which is most benefitting amid the young persons in school. Among the pupils and the theories it will demo intrinsic vs. extrinsic and the motivational tools developed to assist kids accomplish. In the book, â€Å" Development of Acheivement Motivation, † by ( Wigfield, 2002 ) provinces there are three inquiries that you must inquire to find a individuals ‘ motivational head set is ; â€Å" Can I make the activity? Do I desire to make the undertaking and why? What do I need to win at this activity? † The two motivational tools are intrinsic and extrinsic. † ( p16 ) .What is intrinsic? Intrinsic is the hankering to take part in behaviours for no ground, but sheer satisfaction, pleasance, challenge or wonder ( Lepper, 2005 ) . How is this motive tool used among young person is school? Several teachers have used this method in concentrating on the challenge and conceptual thought. In Development of Acheivement Motivation ( Wigfield, 2002 ) states â€Å" This is where the teacher motivates the pupils ‘ challenges, the conceptual and analytical thought. It helps to advance the pupil by furthering greater feeling of competency and insulating the skill portion because the more challenging of the work would ensue in evident advancements of understanding † , ( p312 ) . Suppressing the challenge constructs should besides in engender positive emotions such as pride and fulfilment ( Wigfield, 2002 ) . These feelings of pride and competency should in bend, prompt intrinsic involvement amusement. Many surveies are done with in school to demo the development among the motivational tools. In mention to Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivational Orientations in the Classroom: Age Differences and Acedimic Correlates, questionnaire surveies support the premise that pupils enjoy work that is disputing, conceptual and framed around large thoughts, instead than an stray accomplishment. Surveies have besides shown that age factors do impact a pupil ‘s motivational head set. Many kids may take part in academic undertakings both because it involvements them and because it will delight their instructor or assist those to gain a good class ( Lepper, 2005 ) . Many instructors use activities to find the response of the pupil. Is at that place a focal point, understanding and enjoyment of the activity or are the pupils missing and looking for a ground to finish the activity. A kid ‘s behavior depending on the age is besides factor in, in finding if intrinsic will work on a pupil. For illustration a kid in simple school in 2nd class between 7 and 8 old ages of age is funny and eager to larn. There is an enjoyment of larning more and acquiring better at an activity. Now take a pupil in 8th grader between 13 and 14 old ages of age, where things are more feverish it is more of what will I acquire if I do good on this activity. To acquire a good class for ego is non every bit of import to acquire a good class because for every â€Å" A † you get is $ 10.00. In many school intrinsic is used among younger pupil because at this point is where their funny about everything and inquire why a batch more. Older pupils are harder to utilize intrinsic motive, because of the deficiency of self-gain and clip restraints. In simple schools and kid with larning disablements intrinsic motive is used more often. It is easier to develop a kid into a stronger reader, better speller and a faster math pupil, by disputing them in different activities. Because of the kid larning development it is easier to model a kid at a younger age than a kid much older and has developed a learning manner or many more different focal points. In today ‘s society intrinsic is used more frequently at an earlier age. Students have one chief instructor and more custodies on with activities to promote more of intrinsic usage of motive. Teachers try to do the pupil more independent instead dependent, to allow the pupils push for a challenge and desire of the activity over an easy undertaking, and focal point on personal wonder and involvements instead concentrating on delighting the instructor to acquire a good class In mention to a website â€Å" higered.mcgraw-hill.com from a papers Module 15 Behavioral Theory † : Most early research on motive was rooted in the survey of behavioural larning theory, specifically the theory of operant conditioning. Harmonizing to operant conditioning, an person who receives support, a positive effect for a behaviour, would be probably to execute the behaviour once more under similar fortunes, support, in other words, can actuate behaviour ( 267 ) . What is extrinsic? It is â€Å" exterior † to the behaviour and defined as the type of motive as prosecuting in an activity to obtain an result that is distinguishable from the activity itself ( Lepper, 2005 ) . The pupil idea procedure is more of what will be received instead than holding an apprehension of what was learned. In in-between school and high school extrinsic motive is more often used, such as competition, extrinsic motive. For illustration in Module 15 Behavioral Theory: A male child looking up his semester grade point norm illustrates the increased academic competition in in-between school and high school that can take to greater extrinsic motive. The construction and clime of schoolrooms and schools in center and high school may assist explicate the developmental tendency toward extrinsically motivated acquisition ( 268 ) . The Module 15 Behavioral Theory explains that in center and high schools, pupils have multiple instructors, switch categories, and frequently have agendas with academic topics organized into short periods. Teachers in center and high schools have many pupils to learn and be given to utilize more talk and fewer hands-on activities. Middle and high schools besides have stricter academic and behavioural policies than simple schools and stress competition among pupils to a greater extent, as evidenced by award axial rotations, category rankings, and standardized proving for describing command degrees to the provinces every bit good as for college admittances ( Module 15 Behavioral Theory ) . In ( Module 15 Behavioral Theory ) besides explains that therefore striplings in center and high school progressively encounter in: decontextualized acquisition where pupils do non see the relevancy of academic stuff ( p268 ) few chances to do determinations, more regulations and subject, and poorer teacher-student relationships ( p268 ) and ; competition among pupils and more rating of pupil public presentation ( p268 ) All these apprehensions lead pupils to go more extrinsically motivated. Extrinsic incentives can be an of import portion of instructors ‘ motivational patterns when used appropriately. With the agendas of a pupil and instructor, the clip for each period and the sum of pupils in each period reflects on how the instructors teach. In today ‘s society with all the clip restraints and the school course of study instructors do non hold the clip to be more of a 1 on one. Teachers tend to give a batch of talks ; there may besides be a batch of reading stuffs, quizzes and trials and a batch of taking notes. To acquire a pupil involved instead than fall behind instructor have competitions. Analyzing Motivational Strategies – What Makes Your Students Care? ( Shindler, 2008 ) explains the advatages and disadvantages of intrnsic and extrinsic motive as follows: The advantages of intrinsic in self- betterment, increased duty, problem-solving and inquiry-based Learning and are: Promotes intrinsic motive and helps pupils clear up their ain ends and desires and more durable sense of satisfaction ; can make the cause-and-effect between duty and freedom and can increase responsible behaviour ; can advance greater resourcefulness, can advance an accent on procedure and motivational to pupils when they solve the job and make the end and ; allows pupils to see interior beginnings of satisfaction, activities feel inherently meaningful and as though they are â€Å" traveling someplace † psychologically ; as a consequence there is small experience of ennui, and promotes pupil creativeness and sets the phase for communal bonds among pupils † ( 7.2 Gp C ) . The advantages of extrinsic in classs and wagess, inducements, personal congratulations, penalties, dishonoring and menaces, public acknowledgment, phone calls place are: Tangible, familiar, actuating to pupils who value them and similar to pecuniary incentives in that they work as wagess ; Can be utile to specify valued results or procedures and assist clear up the focal point of the attempt ; Feels good, works to do pupil work harder and works in short-run ; Works in the short-run, motivates pupils who are used to that technique and can assist clear up the boundaries in a category ; Can honor behaviour and attempt that may non be rewarded by equals and feels good to recipient and ; Can alarm parents to forms of which they may non hold been cognizant, demonstrates a committedness to the pupil ‘s success and positive calls can hold a deeply positive result † ( 7.2 Gp A ) . The disadvantages of intrinsic in self- betterment, increased duty, problem-solving and inquiry-based Learning and are: Take a batch of clip to excite, and pupils who are used to more outward motive may non swear its worth ; Have to give away power to pupils, and creates more entropy in many results ; Can be mussy, possibly less teacher control of result and requires a great trade of purpose and planning ; Requires the instructor to be cognizant of pupils ‘ demands, requires teacher to be purposeful and skilled at instructional design and schoolroom direction, and teacher can non wholly command other pupils who may sabotage the quality of the environment † ( 7.2 Gp C ) . The disadvantages of extrinsic in classs and wagess, inducements, personal congratulations, penalties, dishonoring and menaces, public acknowledgment, phone calls place are: Shift concentrate off from larning ends, increased degrees of the support may be necessary to keep consequence and can rob pupils of intrinsic beginnings of motive ; Can lose their value over clip if used repeatedly and pupils may anticipate them after a piece ; Can be habit-forming, can cut down pupil ‘s internal venue of control and can be manipulative ; Can advance pupils simply avoiding acquiring caught, does non animate high quality behaviour and can make ill will and bitterness ; Can reenforce preexistent â€Å" rich persons † and â€Å" have-nots, † requires consistence and idea and ; Sends the message that the instructor may non be able to manage the pupil entirely, parents may non be helpful, may be the cause of the job, or be enablers of the job, acts as public shaming and can look a s a mark of failing † ( 7.2 Gp A ) . With old ages of preparation instructors learn how to entree a pupil ‘s motivational satisfaction. As stated by the Gale Group: Teachers can frequently readily identify pupils who demonstrate high or low motive in a certain undertaking. Motivated pupils engage in the undertaking with strength and feeling, whereas unmotivated pupils procrastinate and indicate in other ways that they would instead make something else ( Kaplan ) . Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation ( Kaplan, 2003 ) provinces: These differences exemplify the quantitative dimension of motive, runing from high to low. Teachers can frequently besides place extremely motivated pupils who engage in undertakings in different ways. Some may try to complete the undertaking rapidly, while others may seek more information. Some may prevail, while others may get down enthusiastically but give-up when they encounter trouble ( Kaplan ) . These differences reflect the qualitative dimension of motive. The differentiation between intrinsic and extrinsic motive has been one of the of import theoretical conceptualisations of qualitative differences in battle ( Kaplan ) . Depending on the grave degree, age, and behaviour of the pupil will find if motivational tool is profiting the pupil. Over premise is non an easy determination to do. Studies, trials and studies must been done to find a solid reply. From the information that has been gathered, explains that intrinsic is much more good in simple school and extrinsic in center and high school. There are two types of motive that has been used by instructors, in the work force and in mundane life to better the motive of their pupils, workers and ego. Which type of motivational tool that works depends on the individual. Understanding the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic can find which will work on an single young person in school. After researching the two types of motive, intrinsic is for 1 ‘s personal self-gain and enjoyment and pupil expression at the involvement of it, while extrinsic is to cognize what outside beginning can be used as personal self-gain for accomplishment and pupils are looking more at the result. A pupil ‘s age, agenda and behaviour determines the usage of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational tools throughout the school old ages.

Research in Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Research in Politics - Essay Example However, according to Toulmin (2003, Pp. 3 – 8), only logically correct and sound argument that is well presented will lead to the right inference and impression. Toulmin (2003, Pp. 8 – 10) goes further to state that a sound argument and a well-grounded and firmly backed claim should be able to stand against criticism, one for which a case can be presented coming up to the standard required if it is to deserve a favourable consideration. Thus, it makes sense for political scientists and other intellectuals to know how to present sound arguments and to examine rigorously the soundness of arguments that interest them. Baggini and Fosl (2010, Pp. 1 – 58) present a discussion about the basic tools for argument, including deduction, induction, validity and soundness, fallacies, etc., which enable individuals to recognise the worth of an argument and to present sound arguments that appeal to reason. However, although the previously mentioned authors have presented a discussion that introduces readers to the most basic tools or ideas that help with arguments, the term ‘relevance’ merits only a brief mention in the whole reading, even though according to Walton (2004, Chapters 1 and 2), relevance in arguments is of profound significance. Thus, it is clear that despite the excellent arguments and the logic of the discussion presented by Baggini and Fosl (2010, Pp. 1 – 58), it is possible to examine this discussion more critically. The discussion presented herein is a thorough, but critical, analysis of the ideas presented by Baggini and Fosl (2010, Pp. 1 – 58) in their discussion about arguments, which should appeal to all those with an interest in politics, philosophy, logic and the force in arguments. Baggini and Fosl (2010, Pp. 1 – 5) commence their discussion by emphasising the worth of philosophy and philosophers as being seriously concerned

Municipal Solar Infrastructure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Municipal Solar Infrastructure - Essay Example The community organisations in villages, the prime beneficiaries of the project , the implementing agency - BP Solar Australia and the donor agency - Australian government are the major stakeholders. In addition, the government bodies in Philippines like The department of Interior and local government (DLIG) , Local Governance Units (LGU), Barengay Technical Team, community organisations for social mobilisation are also the other stakeholders in this project. The project operations have ensured the capacity building of the community groups in terms of the project governance and also established a team for the technical support needed for the services and repairs of the devices installed. The ability to mobilise people for their effective participation and also to undertake the administrative activities like accounts/ finance management, collection of charges from the beneficiaries are the key inputs that strengthened the governance component of the project. Creation of separate technical team called Barangay Technical Team for simple maintenance need was one such initiative. The sound technical back up also ensured the reliability of installations and enhanced the public confidence. The project success achieved with only two full time staff from BP solar shows the extend of empowerment of the stakeholders. Recommendations for Project manager : The majority of components were sourced from Australia due to the conditions in the project. And after the project period the supply of the above items from the Australian agencies may not be viable. Hence, project manager could have identified suppliers in the neighborhood regions for ensuring the sustainability of operations. This could also help to spread the project to other areas not covered under the project. Comments : The project is an excellent example of effective integration of stakeholder management principles into the project governance operation. The transformation achieved across highly scattered regions of Philippines with the period of 3.5 years clearly shows the efficiency of project operations. Further, the project also helped to improve the general living conditions of the people in the villages. Conclusion : The committed effort from BP Solar company to ensure an efficient project governance system led to the project success. The project interest was much beyond sales initiative and hence created a successful system for operations. Stakeholder map SA B Stakeholder Management Sheet Name of the stakeholder Name of contact Stakeholder type Influence level BP Solar Australia Project manager Major High Government of Australia Project manager Major Low Barangay Technical Team Team leader for each village Minor Medium Department of Interior and Local Government, Philippines Department representative Minor Minor Local Government Units Government Representative Major Medium Community Organisation Representative of

Paradigm Positions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Paradigm Positions - Essay Example Shawer and â€Å"Digital natives: where is the evidence?† by E. J. Helsper and R. Eynon yielded ample amount of information to me. The overall purpose of the articles, their theoretical framework and methodologies used were relatively conveyed in the first encounter itself. While the former article sought to eliminate the unempirical demarcation between the young and adult users of technology by offering scientific evidence in support, the latter looked forward to establishing the utility of communicative-based techniques in teaching and learning through analysis of data collected in a survey. However, a certain degree of ambiguity and obscurity persisted in the proper understanding of few terms and jargons used in the articles But a second reading enabled a better understanding of those explicit terms and jargons used by the authors. For instance, the meaning and significance of the terms like â€Å"digital native†, â€Å"digital immigrants† and â€Å"breadth o f experience† used by Helsper and Eynon and acronyms like â€Å"CLT† and â€Å"EFL† used by Shawer became clearer following the second reading. The second reading thus helped in closing the gaps that were created in the first reading. Both the articles deal with the interaction of learners with technology and the extent to which technology plays a role in their learning process. Helsper and Eynon’s study attempts to challenge the popularly held belief that people’ ability to engage with technology is a function of generational differences. They assert that the previous researchers had not considered the influence of social and cultural factors on learning. But Helsper and Eynontake into account these influences as part of their ontological and epistemological position. Their work seeks to defy the premise of correlation between age and technology use by establishing the fact that there are

Homosexuality, prejudice, and discrimination Essay

Homosexuality, prejudice, and discrimination - Essay Example I agree with Mohr that antigay stereotypes are a means of reinforcing gender roles in society. Since time immemorial, homosexuals are a minority in society. The traditional gender roles came about because the majority of members of society and who are either male or female. Since homosexuality is not the norm, no role has been defined for it except that it breaks the norm. The antigay stereotypes are thus means to reinforce the traditional gender roles in order to â€Å"normalize† the situation and not change the norm. It is precisely these types of thinking that explains the violence against and harassment of homosexuals. People through time for concepts of right and wrong, which become the accepted norms. Although in existence since the history of civilization, homosexuality has always been not freely manifested, even by the homosexual themselves which also reinforces the notion that being homosexual is abnormal, until the present time that more and more homosexuals have gathered the courage to publicize their sexual orientation. Because for a long time, the view of homosexuality is that it is an abnormality and publicized incidents highlight negative aspects, violence against and harassment of homosexuals has resulted. 2. That something is descriptively moral (or immoral) does not make it normatively moral (or immoral). What is the relevance of this point to homosexuality? According to Mohr, the prevailing definition of morality is what is normative or prescribed by society according to its values which consist of mores, norms and customs. This ways of defining morality is what has brought about the contention that homosexuality is immoral because it violates mores, norms and customs. ... However, Mohr contends that something descriptively moral or immoral does not make it normatively moral or immoral. By this he means that even if something can be described as moral or immoral should not automatically be prescribed as moral or immoral. As an example, he used slavery. For many years, people did not see anything immoral about slavery, perhaps because it had some beneficial aspects to it for both slave and master. However, today, slavery is no longer considered moral, especially after societies realized that the practice of slavery violated basic human rights. This example can be plotted against the issue of homosexuality. Not because the prevailing values seem to categorize homosexuality as immoral, it does not make actually immoral. Therefore discriminations against homosexuals is out of place and also violate of human rights. 3. How does Mohr respond to the argument that homosexuality is unnatural because it violates the function of the genitals, which is to produce babies Why does Mohr believe that sexual orientation is not a matter of choice How is this point relevant to the issue of discrimination Are there moral arguments against homosexuality that Mohr has overlooked or not done justice to Mohr uses a number of arguments against the view that homosexuality is unnatural because it violates the function of the genitals. He starts by using biblical references. He says the bible does not univocally condemn homosexuality, therefore homosexuality is not against God's will. And even if the bible does condemn homosexuality, in a democratic society, religion should not be used as justification for its condemnation. On the grounds that homosexuality should be condemned as unnatural, Mohr argues that

Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity Annotated Bibliography

Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity - Annotated Bibliography Example The researchers studied ADHD in children of pre-school age. They researched three parenting programs that showed promise in helping small children. The authors suggested that parents should have some type of parent training before they start treating their children with medication. They also discuss the barriers to using this method and give several ideas of how to work with preschoolers in addition to this model. The researchers state that medication should be used after they have tried parent training. The researchers present the dual pathway model. This research is important to a paper on ADHD because it provides information about alternative interventions that are working. They suggest that parents must be able to control their children before they send them to school. Many parents want to find alternatives to treating their children with ADHD because they do not want to use drugs. This article gives an understanding of ADHD from a doctor's perspective and it provides information about alternative nutrition that has been shown to help children and adults with ADHD. The researchers provided information on several studies, including a double blind, crossover controlled trial that was designed to understand whether artificial food coloring and benzoate preservative in children's food could influence their hyperactivity. The trial included 1800 three year olds. The conclusion from these researchers was that ADHD is complex, and it should be treated with a multi-faceted treatment program. This article is important to a paper on ADHD because it provides information in a very clear way without using a lot of medical jargon. Kravets, M.B. and Wax, I. (2010). The K&W guide to colleges for students with learning disabilities or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. IL: Imy Wax. This book is excellent because it describes colleges that work well with students who have ADHD. They provide information about getting into the college, what is important to do when the student is there, and how to approach classes. They also include advice from people who work in the field of ADHD. The book is invaluable to talking about the schools and how a student can approach college if they want to go. It gives hope to those students who may think they could not go to school at all. Kurtz, L.A. (2008). Understanding controversial therapies for children with autism, attention deficit disorder, and other learning disabilities: A guide to complementary and alternative medicine. PA: Jessica Kingsley Publishers This book provides an overview of alternative therapies that can be used in several learning disabilities, some of these are effective and others are not, according to the authors. The book is easy to read and understand. Because ADHD has so many different facets to it, this book is valuable in providing a wealth of

Afro-American slavery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Afro-American slavery - Essay Example Slavery in America has been highly supported by the law. In 1686 the exchange of goods between blacks or between blacks and freemen was declared as not legal (Gikandi 244). In 1705 the House of Burgesses in Virginia promoted a series of laws aiming to ensure that slaves in the region would not be able to fight for their freedom in the future (Wood 11); also the above laws aimed to protect the interests of landowners in regard to their involvement in slavery (Wood 11). At the next level, in 1714, another law ‘prohibited blacks from planting their own corn, rice or peas’ (Gikandi 244). These laws aimed to control the efforts of slaves to improve their living conditions and to increase their autonomy. In practice, these laws were not fully applied, mostly because of the conflicts of interests developed in each particular region; for instance, in South Carolina masters preferred to allow a greater autonomy to slaves so that slavery is continued without problems, while in Vir ginia, a different attitude regarding the control over the slaves’ life was developed. This trend has led to the development of different systems of slaves’ control. In South Carolina the task system was promoted allowing to the slaves to use their free time as they wish; in Virginia the gang system was based on the close supervision of slaves almost all day prevented slaves from organizing their life. The cultivation of each section was assigned to a particular slave (Olwell 46), meaning that each slave had the total responsibility for the cultivation of the specific section.

Igor Stravinsky Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Igor Stravinsky - Essay Example Stravinsky left Russia for the first time in 1910, going to Paris to attend the premiere of his ballet L'oiseau de feu (The Firebird) (Craft 20). During his stay in the city, he composed three major works for the Ballets Russes-L'oiseau de feu, Petrushka (1911), and Le sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring) (1913). Eventually Stravinsky's music was noticed by Serge Diaghilev, the director of the Ballets Russes in Paris. He commissioned Stravinsky to write a ballet for his theater; so in 1911, Stravinsky traveled to Paris. That ballet ended up being the famous L'Oiseau de Feu. However, because of World War I and the October Revolution in Russia he moved to Switzerland in 1914. The first of Stravinsky's major stylistic periods (excluding some early minor works) was inaugurated by the three ballets he composed for Diaghilev. The ballets have several shared characteristics: they are scored for extremely large orchestras; they use Russian folk themes and motifs; and they bear the mark of Rimsky-Korsakov's imaginative scoring and instrumentation. The first of the ballets, L'oiseau de feu, is notable for its unusual introduction (triplets in the low basses) and sweeping orchestration. Petrushka, too, is distinctively scored and the first of Stravinsky's ballets to draw on folk mythology. But it is the third ballet, The Rite of Spring that is generally considered the apotheosis of Stravinsky's "Russian Period" (Hill 45-46). Other pieces from this period include: Renard (1916), Histoire du soldat (A Soldier's Tale) (1918), and Les Noces (The Wedding) (1923).The next phase of Stravinsky's compositional style, slightly overlapping the first, is marked by two works: Pulcinella 1920 and the Octet (1923) for wind instruments. Both of these works feature what was to become a hallmark of this period; that is, Stravinsky's return, or "looking back", to the classical music of Mozart and Bach and their contemporaries. This "neo-classical" style involved the abandonment of the large orchestras demanded by the ballets. In these new works, written roughly between 1920 and 1950, Stravinsky turns largely to wind instruments, the piano, and choral and chamber works. Some larger works from this period are the three symphonies: the Symphonie des Psaumes (Symphony of Psalms) (1930), Symphony in C (1940) and Symphony in Three Movements (1945). The pinnacle of this period is the opera The Rake's Progress completed in 1951. This opera, written to a libretto by Auden and based on the etchings of Hogarth, encapsulates everything that Stravinsky had perfected in the previous 20 years of his neo-classic period. The music is direct but quirky; it borrows from classic tonal harmony but also interjects surprising dissonances; it features Stravinsky's trademark off-rhythms; and it harkens back to the operas and themes of Monteverdi, Gluck and Mozart. The Serialist, or Twelve Tone Period Stravinsky first began to dabble in the twelve tone technique in smaller vocal works such as the Cantata (1952), Three Songs from Shakespeare (1953) and In Memoriam Dylan Thomas (1954), as if he were testing the system. He later began

Economics graphs Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economics graphs - Statistics Project Example A shift in the demand curve for a good is brought about by various factors such as income, population, price of a substitute or complement, consumer taste or preference and expectation among others. A change in any of these factors would lead to a rightward or leftward shift in the demand curve depending on the direction of the change (Begg, Fischer & Dornbusch). For instance, an increase in the income of consumers causes a corresponding increase in the demand for normal good A, with price level remaining the same. Given Graph 2, demand curve D1 would shift rightward to D2 in view of the increase in income. On the other hand, D1 would shift leftward to D3 should there be a decrease in the income of consumers. Similarly, the supply curve shifts leftward or rightward depending on the change in factors such as technology or productivity and price of raw materials. For example, as illustrated in Graph 3 below, a decrease in the price of flour, which is the main ingredient of bread, would cause the bread supply S1 to shift rightward to S2. On the contrary, an increase in the price of flour would result in a leftward shift of S1 to S3. The absolute value of the answer to the above equation would indicate how a percentage change in the price would affect the quantity demanded. Demand is considered elastic if the computed elasticity is greater than 1. This means that a 1% change in the price of good A would be accompanied by a more than proportionate change in quantity demanded.

Analysis Of Scientific c Essay Example for Free

Analysis Of Scientific c Essay The first step in the scientific method is to perform some background research and in the news article (â€Å"Engineers Create New,† 2008). It is implied that this step had been followed because it mentions that other researchers have already made several studies and experiments and have been doing it for several years. It is obvious that the scientists in the current study have performed a background analysis of previous efforts to develop other adhesives. The second step is the formulation of the hypothesis and in this particular news, the hypothesis is whether it is possible to formulate an adhesive that emulates the capability of the hairs on the toes of the gecko lizard that are able to clean themselves without having to use water or chemicals. This would be an interesting result because normally, dirt would stick to an adhesive and it would lose its stickiness in the process. Fearing explains that the ultimate goal is to develop an all-terrain robot that can emulate the gecko lizard that could walk on dirty surfaces along walls and ceilings (â€Å"Engineers Create New,† 2008). The next step in the scientific method is to conduct several experiments to test the hypothesis and the news article provides a rough sketch of the experiments that the engineers had conducted, where they use microfibers made from stiff polymers to represent the toe hairs and microspheres with diameters ranging from three to 10 microns to simulate dirt (â€Å"Engineers Create New,† 2008). After the experiments, an analysis of the results was made, and it was mentioned that it was indeed possible for the microfibers to get rid of some of the dirt after every simulated step of a gecko lizard. As a conclusion, it is indicated that it is possible to make an adhesive that cleans itself but further studies have to be made with other kinds of surfaces because in these experiments, only glass was used. Looking at the scientific soundness of the news article, we can see that there is no mention of the sample size, which is quite common in such kinds of articles. As we can see, this article is lacking in this respect but it could be assumed that this is mentioned in the actual report made by the scientists. As for the control group, there is no specific mention of the researchers actually performing an experiment where common adhesive materials are used instead of the microfibers being studied. The news report is also lacking in this respect but it could have been assumed that it is the common knowledge of the reader that with the usual adhesive, dirt accumulates until it is no longer sticky. In the study, the independent variables are the range of the sizes of the microspheres and the characteristics of the glass surface and the microfibers. The dependent variable is the quantity of microspheres that get deposited on the glass surface every time the simulated step of a gecko is performed on it. Another dependent variable is the adhesion strength of the new adhesive material after several steps have been done. There would be some suspicion of bias in the part of the researchers if a particular result would serve to benefit them. Taken in this light, almost everyone could be suspected of bias but in this study, the scientists are scholars who appear to be genuine in their desires to create something useful for humanity. References University of California Berkeley (2008, September 10). Engineers Create New Gecko-like Adhesive That Shakes Off Dirt. ScienceDaily. Retrieved June 23, 2009, from http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2008/09/080910090610. htm

Les Miserables Essay Example for Free

Les Miserables Essay In Websters Dictionary the word Justice is defined by the words fairness and rightfulness. Around the world, the figure of Justice is portrayed as blind from all information but objective facts. In the novel Les Miserables written by Victor Hugo, the figure of Justice is meant to be completely blind, but it does not stay totally blind. Jean ValJean, the main character of the novel had been a prisoner for 19 years. When he was released from prison he was given a yellow ticket that identified him as a criminal. This made ValJean unable to live a normal life again. Today, due to the media and the abundance of information that is available for everyone on the internet these days, this system of Justice is not always executed properly. These two instances of the yellow ticket in Les Miserables and the media today resulted in no blind Justice for those who are affected. The system of Justice is supposed to be considered blind. This means that when a trial comes to court, no one knows any outside information on the trial before it begins. This includes all of the Jury and the Judge. The goal of blind Justice is to present a fair trial and eliminate bias. Part of the Jury selection process is to make sure that no one has any prior knowledge on the trial that they are being selected. When there is a trial that is totally blind, the trial is more likely to go smoothly because all of the facts would Just have been known from information presented in the court. There is no outside information that someone considers important which could cause chaos and confusion. Unfortunately in some cases it is difficult to keep a case blind. In todays society there are certain cases that are very tough to keep blind. These cases usually contain popular celebrities that the media is attached to. Whenever a celebrity gets in lots of trouble with the law, it is all over television, newspapers and the internet. The world knows everything that happened in the incident and what will happen to the celebrity. This results in the trial not being blind at all. A recent example ofa trial not being blind is the case of the former Buffalo Bills running back 0. 1. Simpson. Simpson tried to retain some of his old emorabilia from some old friends, but did it very aggressively with a weapon and was charged with numerous accounts of armed robbery and kidnapping. Before this, Simpson was well known for his success on the football field but also his prior trial for murdering his wife. Simpson was found not guilty in this popular trial but many people believe he was guilty. This recent trial was followed very intently by the media. Reporters were everywhere Simpson went and every development in the trial was in the news almost instantly. Before the trial started the Judge and Jury had lready known all about Simpson and his successes and mishaps. As a result the trial was very biased against Simpson. Simpson was found guilty and sentenced to at least 9 years in prison and a maximum of 33 years. This anti-blind Justice pretty much goes for any celebrity that gets in trouble with the law. In Les Miserables Justice is not completely blind for Jean Val]ean. The Justice is not completely blind because Jean ValJean is not a criminal but he was a result of a slightly corrupt Justice system during that time period in France. The Justice system as not intended to be blind. Jean ValJeans open Justice was not in court, it was present a yellow passport, showing that he is an ex-convict. This causes people to instantly look down on ValJean and treat him worse than a normal person. Since he is an ex-convict, anytime he does something he is quick to be arrested, because of his past. When he stays with the Bishop of Digne and steals some silverware he is quickly arrested. Luckily the Bishop was very gracious and let Jean ValJean go by teaching him some lessons. ValJean does continue to face adversity because of his ast. He is later wanted back in prison because he is thought to be disguising himself, to hide his ex-convict identity. Blind Justice was clearly not evident in the life of Jean ValJean. Clearly, Justice is sometimes completely blind, but it is very difficult to keep ones case completely blind. In the cases of 0. 1. Simpson and Jean ValJean blind Justice was not present and they both suffered from it. The Justice system suffers directly from the world around it and as time goes on it becomes ever harder to keep information private.

ERP implementation and significance in banking industry

ERP implementation and significance in banking industry The Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (i.e., simply ICICI bank of India) is Indias 2nd largest bank (first being State Bank of India SBI) currently with total assets of value more than 3,634 billion which approximately amounts to US $ 81 billion. For the financial year ended 31st March 2010; the Net Operable Profit After Tax was found to be 40.238 billion which is approximately US $ 898 million. To achieve such a financially high value, the bank needed to have a huge network. Today, its network is one of the biggest networks in the country having 2528 corporate branches and about 6000 ATM centers across the country. It is currently present in 19 countries. Besides India (where it originated); the bank has subsidiaries in USA, UK, Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong etc. and representative offices in UAE, China, South Africa, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia etc. The company is focussing on more and more growth and further expecting to expand its market structure. The firm i.e., ICICI Bank in the current scenario; offers an enormous wide range of banking products and various financial services to a large number of corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialised subsidiaries in the areas of investment banking, venture capital and insurance sectors. The bank today had multiple number of rewards and its innovative solutions has conquered the minds of customers and managed to win over their hearts. The companys network is the biggest and it had more than 15 million customers by the current year. The growth achieved by the company in the recent few years is noteworthy. ORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVES As a firm grows, it has certain challenges to face and its profitability totally depends on how it uses various available resources to safeguard itself. The best way to avoid competitors and rivalry firms from sidelining you is to continuously upgrade yourself with latest technology and market trends. The main objective of ICICI bank was to have a universal bank which can provide required value to customers with financial solutions. High technology was required and at the same time, it was necessary to have a proper framework to avoid risks associated. Since, there were various applications involved; the level of vulnerabilities needed to be checked and minimized. Key Business drivers These factors govern the way the firm should manage its business. ICICI bank was established when the economic concepts of liberalizations and globalizations just started in India. Before the arrival of ICICI bank, the banking sector was under control of several state owned and foreign owned banks. But with the arrivals of economic trend like liberalization globalization; Reserve Bank of India (then, apex bank of the nation) had paved the way for private banks to come in. The state owned banks had huge network but no or little innovation involved (focus on service) while reverse was the case with foreign banks. State owned banks focussed on only poor people and gave only simple interface without provoding any special features while foreign banks targetted individuals or corporations with high net worth. So, the only opportunity possible for ICICI bank to grab market share was to target middle class on a larger scale and that too by innovations. Doing this analysis, ICICI Bank decided to position itself as a technology savvy customer friendly bank. Problems with the existing system The existing system had many applications running simultaneously to satisfy the requirements of the customers. But those applications had several vulnerabilities and their weaknesses needed to be addressed before it gets exploited by the customers and competitors. Pravin Vohra, Group CTO, ICICI bank was tensed by the speed of online transactions and he points out that the applications arent centralized enough that makes security testing of applications a highly time consuming task. He wanted to search for proper vendor to organize the given set of applications so that all the security tests can be covered as soon as possible. The main problem was that ICICI had poor risk management and they badly needed some framework to help them assess risk. Secondly the database used in the system wasnt centralized and hence the main task in front of the industry was to have centralized database so that data access becomes simple process. Expectations from the technology Now, the challenge in front of ICICI bank was to have proper framework so that all the weaknesses are corrected at the lowest possible costs. As per words of Chandra Kochar, executive director of ICICI bank; Our objective of creating a universal bank providing end to end financial services clearly required solutions which were based on new generation technology, offered end to end functionality and were highly flexible and scalable. The main problem in the existing system was risk associated with all the applications and most of the applications at that time; needed to be tested continuously so, the bank required a software to manage the testing of all applications autonomously so that the time is not wasted in manually searching for faults and available recovery solutions. To manage proper assessment of risk associated with applications, ICICI needed to have the technology which can test applications and correct problems if possible. In order to penetrate into the market, the bank needed to have the necessary technology to make system strong and to ensure smooth flow of information within the system. The other requirements from the software in India were to have open systems approach, future proof excellent technology and best of breed retail etc. ICICI wanted to achieve economies of scale. Further more, ICICI wanted to have a centralized database to support all applications going on and needed a solution which can boost up its infrastructure in friendly manner. IMPLEMENTING THE ERP TECHNOLOGY ICICI bank had positioned itself as a technology focussed industry. Most of its plants facilities were on the verge of automation and this was mandatory to achieve customer satisfaction and to rival the foreign firms. Selecting the vendor The company had some requirements in front of them and their job was to analyze which vendor would satisfy their requirements. So, they went through brochures of various Application developers and studied software requirements. After studying various features offered by different vendors they decided to shortlist 2 vendors Finacle Core Banking Solution by Infosys and SAP by IBM. ICICI then finalized Fiancle Core Banking solution because it was segmented for financial institutions only. They took Finacle because of its specificity made it suitable for banks, secondly Finacles future proof technology, and extensive corporate banking features, scalable architecture, best of breed retail made it a technology worth selecting. Some of the key technological features offered by Infosys Finacle were: Advizor Helps Banks to deliver services through a self service channel Alerts Provides banks with the capability to alert end users about updates and new services Consumer Relationship Management CRM is a modular, multi lingual application to help bank to have centralized database containing all the customer information want. Core Banking CBS addresses various strategic and key technological processes taking place in a bank. It checks faults associated and corrects them. Direct banking This marketing tool helps banks to directly acquire, track and service customers. E banking Provides high flexibility for customization and robust security features Mobile banking Empowers banking transactions on mobile channels like SMS or GPRS Wealth Management Modular and integrated investment management system for specific purpose Operational data store Data warehouse centralized and secured. Treasury Finacle is an integrated treasury solution covering the entire deal lifecycle for broad range of trading and capital markets products. The major advantage was that Finacle offered so many features at comparative lesser costs compared to other similar technolnogical products. Keeping these many wide and industrial applicable features in mind, the technological software solution used was Finacle and the vendor was Infosys. Problems faced during the beginning The implementation of any technology cannot be successful right from the beginning as risks are involved. The 1st step involved is to make this technological change understandable by humans and hence the challenge was in front of ICICI was to ensure proper training to their employees. For that purpose, special officials were employed. Training were given to employees right from the day when technology was deployed. This was a key step in maintaing vendor relationships. Integrating this technological change with the existing system is the major hurdle which is to be overcomed. The biggest challenge which Finacle had was to ensure Straight Through Processing (known as STP in corporate segment) of various financial transactions. With the ICICI group having many companies under its huge corporate umbrella. Finacle had to integrate with various corporate wide applications like Credit Card, M banking, mutual funds, brokerage, call center and other applications taking place simultaneously. ICICI bank went with a phase of organic and inorganic growth to expand market share. First it bought out Bank of Madurai and then had a reverse merger with parent firm i.e., ICICI limited. Therefore, managing with the technology change was a hurdle for the bank. To overcome this obstacle, ICICI decided to have a strategic partnership with the software vendor i.e., Infosys. That strategic partnership started in 1994 and that close collaboration in 1997 led to many innovations. Getting the benefits during the end Once the problems with the implementation are identifed and corrected via proper planning toolkits, the success and benefits are guaranteed. The major advantage with Finacle was that it was a scalable and open system architecture and this made it a successful implementation. In 2000 only 400, 000 transactions while this figure was more than 2 million in 2005 years so, popularity of the bank drastically increased in only 4 years. The risks associated with people, process and technology was managed and this made ICICI a profitable firm. In 1997, ICICI was the first bank to ensure electronic banking. This made ICICI establish itself as the leader in the e commerce segment. The main advantage of using Finacle was that only 25 % routine transaction take place through branches and remaining through various delivery channels. http://www.infosys.com/finacle/Images/icici_cs_img1.gif Fig: Finacle offering various services in ICICI. Thus, the use of Finacle has helped ICICI in cutting costs and time and managing automatically various transactions that take place on a day to day basis. As shown above, ICICI managed to penetrate into various market segments by the enormous features offered by Fiancle. Today, most of the transactions take place at the bank center by its various distribution channels and not at the branches. CONCLUSIONS After studying the given case, it can be understood that what role the technological advances play in growt A powerful of a bank. A highly scalable and flexible technology platform is essential for organizations to manage growth and compete successfully. Such a software is Finacle. Fiancle, a leading IT Core Banking Solution has helped ICICI achieving its objectives across the network. Though ICICI faced certain problems and challenges in the beginning, they managed to win in the end. Thus, investing in technology helped ICICI get rich dividends. The bank has successfully used the Finacle and has managed to successfully deploy the solution in the areas of core banking, consumer driven e-banking (Electronic B 2 C segment), direct banking, corporate e-banking (Electronic B 2 B segment) and Customer Relationship Management. Thus, Finacle guaranteed flexibility to achieve proper segmentation. This helped ICICI in growing its market and having some edge over the competition. because of its high trust on technology, ICICI Bank is recognized as a leader in the region and has won a large number of awards worldwide for its technology-driven initiatives. The bank has used core technology as a strategic differentiator, thus redefining the rules of banking in India and additionally also showing how technology can do some good in transforming a banks business.

The Basic Dilemma Of The Artist :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites The psychophysical problem is long standing and, probably, intractable. We have a corporeal body. It is a physical entity, subject to all the laws of physics. Yet, we experience ourselves, our internal lives, external events in a manner which provokes us to postulate the existence of a corresponding, non-physical ontos, entity. This corresponding entity ostensibly incorporates a dimension of our being which, in principle, can never be tackled with the instruments and the formal logic of science. A compromise was proposed long ago : the soul is nothing but our self awareness or the way that we experience ourselves. But this is a flawed solution. It is flawed because it assumes that the human experience is uniform, unequivocal and identical. It might well be so - but there is no methodologically rigorous way of proving it. We have no way to objectively ascertain that all of us experience pain in the same manner or that pain that we experience is the same in all of us. This is even when the causes of the sensation are carefully controlled and monitored. A scientist might say that it is only a matter of time before we find the exact part of the brain which is responsible for the specific pain in our gedankenexperiment. Moreover, will add our gedankenscientist, in due course, science will even be able to demonstrate a monovalent relationship between a pattern of brain activity in situ and the aforementioned pain. In other words, the scientific claim is that the patterns of brain activity ARE the pain itself. Such an argument is, prima facie, inadmissible. The fact that two events coincide (even if they do so forever) does not make them identical. The serial occurrence of two events does not make one of them the cause and the other the effect, as is well known. Similarly, the contemporaneous occurrence of two events only means that they are correlated. A correlate is not an alter ego. It is not an aspect of the same event. The brain activity is what appears WHEN pain happens - it by no means follows that it IS the pain itself. A stronger argument would crystallize if it was convincingly and repeatedly demonstrated that playing back these patterns of brain activity induces the same pain. Even in such a case, we would be talking about cause and effect rather than identity of pain and its correlate in the brain.

The Medias Influence on Teenage Suicide Essay -- Teenage Suicide Essa

The Media's Influence on Teenage Suicide   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fiction: Only â€Å"bad† kids who have the wrong friends and bad lives commit suicide. Fact: Kids who have the right friends and a bright future in front of them commit suicide. Fiction: Music, movies, and other forms of media do not influence teenagers in any way, shape, or form. Fact: Music, movies, and other forms of media are influencing teenagers to commit suicide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teenage suicide is on the rise at an alarming rate. While depression and other social pressures play a significant role in suicide among teenagers, there is evidence showing that music, movies, and other ways the media portrays suicide as glamorous and noble is having a major influence on teenagers considering suicide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every year more than 4,000 teenagers between the ages of 15 and 24 commit suicide and another 400,000 attempt suicide; the number of suicides may be even higher because many suicides are hidden by families who report the suicides as accidents or murders (Klagsburn 16). â€Å"Suicide now ranks as the third leading cause of death among people ages 15 to 24, trailing only accidents and homicides†(Worsnop 371). Over the past four decades, teenage suicide rose a staggering 200 percent (Waters 49). â€Å"Of all the suicides studied among people under 25, nearly two-thirds of them were committed with guns, teenagers who committed suicide by hanging themselves ranked second, and poisoning ranked third† (Colburn 5.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many warning signs of suicide. A teenager contemplating suicide will drop numerous clues before attempting suicide. Such warning signs as withdrawal from the family, changes in eating and sleeping habits, as well as loss of interest in schoolwork or favorite activities, such as participation in athletics. Some teenagers express a preoccupation with pain, death, or suicide. They often talk of death and make actual threats to end their life. Many teenagers will drop verbal clues such as: â€Å"I might as well be dead,† or â€Å"you’ll be sorry when I’m gone.† (Goldstein, 55.) A preparation for death may take place, for instance, giving away prized possessions (Worsnop, 372-73). In some cases, the most ominous sign of suicidal intent is the sudden onset of apparent peace of mind after a long period of troubling behavior. Such a mood change may indicate the person has finally resolved to commit suicide and thus h... ...of Violent Entertainment. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. Hutchings, David. â€Å"I Started Thinking about Dying.† People. February 18, 1985: 88-89. Keller, Julia. â€Å"Too Regular Shootings Have Left Many Numb.† Chicago Tribune.1 Aug 1999. Klagsburn, Francine. Too Young to Die. Boston: Houghton  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mifflin, 1976. Newton, David E. Violence and the Media: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara: Instructional Horizons, 1996. Pond, Steve. â€Å"Student Body Count.† Rolling Stone. April 1989: 38. Royal Commission on Violence in the Communications Industry. Volume 1: Approaches, Conclusions, and Recommendations. Toronto: The Royal Commission on Violence in the communications Industry, 1976. â€Å"TV Suicide Link: Fatal Retraction.† Science News.October, 1987: 218. â€Å"Suicide Belt.† Time. September 1, 1980: 56. Trafford, Abigail. â€Å"Death at an Early Age.† The Washington Post. June 6, 1995: 6. Waters, Harry, et al. â€Å"Teenage Suicide: One Act Not to Follow.† Newsweek. April 18, 1994: 49. Worsnop, Richard L. â€Å"Teenage Suicide.† CQ Researcher 1.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (June 6, 1991): 371-91. Zirkel, Perry A. â€Å"Another Case of Student Suicide.† Phi Delta Kappa. 77 (Sept. 1995): 91-94.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

To Kill A Mockingbird Essay ï » ¿ Injustice is a problem which everyone faces. Nobody likes to suffer from injustice, yet they make others suffer all the time. Yet some individuals like Atticus Finch rise above this injustice enough to stay proud of his ways and to know what he was doing was truely right. Other individuals like Boo Radly hide indoors practicing ways â€Å"Alien† to Maycomb believing what he was doing was morally right and he would be repaid in his afterlife. The last man who rises above injustice is Tom Robinson, who has been charged with a crime he didn’t commit but yet he stayed strong enough to be able to think beyond it and win his court case. In the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, there are three characters who suffer the most injustice. These people are Atticus, Tom Robinson and Boo Radley. Atticus, a man with great wisdom, suffers from the fact that he had taken on a Negro case. He was constantly persecuted for his decision by all classes in Maycomb county, which made him have to work even harder and keep his head up if he was going to overcome the odds and win the trial. Even though his family was made fun of, he stuck with his choice and worked the hardest he could to ignore the threats and harassment. Some people almost tried to turn his own kids against him through persuading them against him and telling them about the different ways of Atticus; â€Å"‘Do you know he can play a Jew’s Harp?’(About Atticus) this modest accomplishement served to make me even more ashamed of him†(Lee 90). He did very well to ignore all the abuse and was greatly respected after the trial was over. Another person who suffered from injustice was Tom Robinson. He suffered a different type of Injustice than Atticus Finch though. He suffered a Racial Injustice, a raw, upfront injustice; â€Å"‘I seen that black nigger yonder ruttin on my Mayella’†(Lee 173). He was charged with a crime he did not commit. His side of the story was not believed because he was black, which really shows the amount of injustice during the time the novel was set in. Through the whole trial, he did not retaliate at the white people, he did not get mad because he was improperly accused, he just showed the level of respect which everyone deserves.

Immanuel Kant: Duty and Reason Essay

The action of an individual is said to depend on lots of factors. The value of these actions is weighed based on the different point of views of humans. Immanuel Kant, a philosopher, classifies the moral worth of an action through the use of two concepts; duty and reason. Acting based on duty and reason can be better understand by looking at these cases from Kant’s point of view and by means of thoroughly analyzing the arguments presented to consider an acts moral worth. Considering the case that a husband loves his wife because he loves her such that he has an inclination to be faithful to her, Kant’s view for this example will be that this case has no moral worth. For Kant, the foundation of morality is duty. The factor that causes human to be moral beings is their duty and the factor to be considered in determining the moral of an act is the persons will to follow his duty. (www. ipf. edu, n. d. ) On the other hand, a husband’s act to remain loyal to his wife as a matter of duty, although he finds it decidedly unpleasant will be considered by Kant to have a moral worth. A moral action has a moral worth not because of the effect of the action itself but because of the value that the action done according to duty that was set by the society. (Abbott, 1907) For Kant, the fact that the action is done only for duty alone is in itself makes the action to contain a moral worth. (Herman, 1981) It refers mainly to duty being implemented through the law that makes an action of moral worth. (www. philosophypages. com, n. d. ) The moral worth of both cases can be better understood through differentiating acting in accordance with duty and acting from duty. Acting in accordance with duty has no moral worth since it is just an act that conforms to duty as guided by self-interest. Acting from duty, on the other hand, is an act that is done because the duty is requiring it. It means that actions will only have a moral worth if they are performed from duty while those actions that are taken as caused by self-interest that accords with duty for whatever reason, have no moral worth. In the example of a husband that loves his wife due to two reasons, we can say that the first case, which is loving the wife because the husband has an inclination to love her is considered by Kant to be of no moral worth since the husband does not love his wife from duty. He just loves the wife because it is his self-interest that motivates him to love her. In that way, he loves according to self-interest that just so happen to be in accord with loving from duty. Thus, he is loving his wife in accordance with duty and is thus it has no moral worth. For the second example of loving which is loving his wife because it is his duty as a husband even if he finds it unpleasant, this act has moral worth for Kant because the act is done out of the need to follow duty. The husband loves his wife because it should be his action towards his wife as it is set by the laws and rule of the society. Even if he will not gain self-pleasure from it, he is still doing it because it is his duty as husband to love his wife. Thus, he is acting from duty and his act contains moral worth for Kant. Upon understanding Kant’s philosophy, I can say that he has a good point on why he believed that the moral worth of an act is based on the duty that forces a person to commit such act. The good thing about his account of moral worth is that an act can be considered to have a moral worth if that is done without self-interest but is done only as dictated by duty. His philosophy is good in a sense because it can assess the moral worth of a person in terms of the responsibility that he should carry and not only acting as a result of his own decision in order to gain pleasure from it. However, I disagree with him. I believe that if an act is done whether for the sake of following your duty or the laws implemented by the society as based from their reasoning, an act can still have a moral worth depending also on its effect on the society. For me, I think that what Kant is trying to say is that the moral worth in different cases that we have to make a decision or an act lies on the will to follow the duty itself. It only means that the one of moral worth is the ability to follow duties or the rules and not the act itself. If we are doing something even if we can just derived pleasure or get something out of it, as long as we don’t step on the rights of others and can contribute to our society, our acts can still have moral worth. In line with this, I can say that acting from duty is morally right as well as acting according to duty as long as our interests do not conflict with the violation of the rights of another people. I think that pursuing self-interest that will lead to the good of other people, as in the case of Mother Teresa, is morally worth. The self-interest in that sense does not conflict with the violation of the rights of others, but instead, it leads to the good of the needy. Hence, it still has its moral worth. For example, a lifeguard is saving the lives of drowning people, even if he doesn’t want too and what he is doing is just a burden for him has a moral worth. Also, a lifeguard that is saving the lives of drowning people and expecting in return that he will receive a word of thank you from the people that he saved still has a moral worth. This is because, I think, that no matter what motivates you to do an act as long as it can help others and does not bypass human rights, that act has a moral worth. In the case of a lifeguard, saving people as caused by duty and saving people as caused by an expectation to receive a word of thanks are both morally correct. It is because the fact that the lifeguard has saved a life no matter what is the reason that makes me considered it to have a moral worth. I also believe that morality is subjective depending on a person’s bringing up, culture, experiences and way of thinking. One act can be of moral value to a person but for some, may be the same act has little or no moral worth at all. That is, morality lies on each one of us and that the effect that it can make to ourselves and especially to our society will greatly dictates its moral worth. Different societies may evaluate the same act to have a different moral worth. A way to explain this is by looking at the case of Eskimos. For Eskimos, offering their wives to have sex with a guest is a polite action as a way of entertaining a visitor. In their way, their act has a moral worth because they are acting from duty. However, if a wife from other country will ask his husband that she wants to have sex with their guest as a way of entertaining the guest, the action is resulting from self-interest and not from duty that is dictated by the culture. Thus, it does not have a moral worth. This explains that the value of moral worth is subjective to culture, and to the specific society itself. Thus, in conclusion, I can say that the first case of loving a wife that was mentioned, which is loving as motivated by inclination, has moral worth because he is still doing his responsibility or duty even if he really wants to do it as directed by his emotion. The second case, which is loving because that is dictated by duty, also contains a moral value, although lesser than the first one. For me, it’s moral worth is less than the first because he is not loving his wife whole heartedly but only loving her because he is required by his duty. I think that in general, Kant’s theory is good but is lacking in a certain aspect that greatly affects the action of human, which is emotions. This is because aside from intellectual reasoning, we also have emotions and that these emotions can also dictate us on how we are going to act. Whether we act from duty or we act in accordance with duty as directed by self-interest which is controlled by emotions, our action can both have moral worth. Thus, in summary Kant had contributed a view about the reason for one’s act in terms of the assessment of the action. However, it is limited and there must be other factors to be considered in assessing the moral value of one’s act, in which his theory must contain. Works Cited Abbott, T. K. (1907). Immanuel Kant Duty Is Prior to Happiness. Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. Retrieved November 22, 2007 from http://books. google. com/books? id=Y2oIobRXrWIC&pg=PA92&ots=lqnR0qrkHw&dq= On+the+Va lue+of+Acting+from+the+Motive+of+Duty,&ei=wT9FR63gI4KktAPBgYXbBg&sig=Z8 QYGzRw_L9lc eC8Xkj1_JOZjKA Herman, Barbara, (1981). On the Value of Acting from the Motive of Duty. The Philosophical Review. Volume 90, No. 3 pp 359-382. Retrieved November 22, 2007 from http://links. jstor. org/sici? sici=0031- 8108(198107)90%3A3%3C359%3AOTVOAF%3E2. 0. CO%3B2- B www. ipfw. edu. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 22, 2007 from http://209. 85. 173. 104/search? q=cache:_3cincyqJb0J:www. ipfw. edu/phil/faculty/Esteve z/Kant. ppt+Duty+and+Reason-+immanuel+Kant&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=us www. philosophypages. com. (n. d. ). Kant: The Moral Order. Retrieved November 22, 2007 from http://www. philosophypages. com/hy/5i. htm.

Affect of Social Media on Teenagers

sociable media effect on Teenagers The best vogue to understand the definition of loving media is to check over it down. friendly media is a relatively late form of communication its a to a greater extent advanced version of the elder forms of communication the like television, newspapers and radio. Examples of social networking and micro blogging websites which argon a important graphic symbol of social media are Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Tumblr, Google+ etc. In recent cadences, multitude collapse break more accustomed to using these online websites as it is more convenient to physical exercise and slow to access.Modern generations consider most of the old forms of media as a one-way street as you shag receive the information solely you cannot express your personal views over e truly matter. Social media on the other transcend is known as a two-party street that does not only if can us with information but it to a fault altogetherows us to give back our views and concerns. though recently, social media has been extensively misuse by teenagers. most teenagers consider social media as a vital part of their brio.But what they slangt realize is how social media, along with a few of its positive set up, is negatively affecting them rationally, physically and socially. Social media may be a source of reading to adolescents but as good descends with bad, so comes the negative psychological effects of social media. As its benefits, social media helps shy teens come out of their shells by expressing themselves better and by being more outgoing. It also helps make teenagers virtually empathetic. Like for example if mortal posts a status saying, I had the beat day of my life , and you post a comment saying, Call me if you need anything , you beget just expressed virtual empathy and studies express that most teenagers are capable of make use of this empathy in real life too. Alongside, social media can be a major cause of instigating narcissism among teenagers. self-love is a case of extreme self-admiration and liaison in oneself, especially physical appearances. Also, teenagers who use social media frequently are more prone to depression and anxiety.While Facebook can be of great help when keeping in contact with long lost friends, it is the main cause of distraction for a teenager during study time and can bakshis to lower grades. Social media can be very useful but if it is misused, it can cause a lot of mental damage to a user. (Turgeon, 2011) Social media electronic network sites, such as Facebook and Twitter, have give way nearly inescapable parts of advance(a) life, particularly for teenagers. Reports suggest that this can have harsh health outcomes on health.Especially as the teenage body is still a developing body. Eating and exercise is very necessary to remain fit and healthy. Most teenagers show the least amount of pertain in their physical exercise as they are hooked on to their effort-runn er forms of social media in if not all then most of their free time. (Gordon, 2011) . Social media has no positive physical effects on teenagers as it tends to make them otiose and inactive leading them to a creaky lifestyle. Social media may have positive and negative social effects on society.Social media helps with staying in touch with your other schooltime or College friends , it helps in staying informed some(prenominal) whats going around in your locality for example facebook helps u align out when your friends birthday is coming up, where and when a event is going to come up, where have youre friends checked in etc. The down sides of this is when people get used to staying over informed, they wonder why werent called for a party, why didnt somebody wish them for their birthday etc. other negative side is that social media is like a drug to most teenagers.It lessens our time for physical interaction with family and friends. Some people would just sit in front of the co mputer for a day, example some families when they go out for dinner they hardly talk to each other they are all glued to their mobile devices they only talk about what is happening on the social media websites, what pictures should be uploaded and where they should be attach in. Some people are log Zs deprived because they spend much of their quiescence or resting time on these websites. Scams and trounce even deaths have been identified with the uncomely use of social media.

Gantt Chart for Execution of House Construction Essay

Be specific with the sort of graph deeds that youd like to create.Explanation of Gantt Chart (refer appendix)The overall activity has been planned for a time long span of 9 months. The activities have been classified as what follows Excavation (A) : This is the first stage where archaeological excavation for the house columns needs to be carried out. The lead time for this physical activity is one month. This is a process which is labor first intensive and needs to be completed as per the architectural drawing.Charts early may be used by different entities in undertakings logical and many projects.Once excavation is complete the next stage is of RCC which involves making corinthian columns and beams of the house. Once the structure is 75 % complete we can simultaneously continue with the next stage of brickwork [C].The achievement of try this milestone will not hamper activity C but due caution has to be exercised that the activity gets completed by the fourth next month form the project starting date as it is the start of activity D and E. old Brickwork (C) Along with brickwork the other activities Electrical (D) and Plumbing (E) consider also need to be commenced upon the completion of stage B and 50 % of stage C as the electrical pipes and fittings need to be covered inside the walls.

Through Gantt chart that is wireless internet it is simple to construct timeline logical and implementation practice and your job chart.Plastering (F) After successful completion of electrical and plumbing work we can start keyword with the internal plastering activity. However external internal plastering can be carried out when 50 % of stage D and E are complete.This is the second third milestone. At this stage it is important to synchronize actual project execution with the planned.Since youre able to observe the under chart template, such as a landmark to every easy task will help reach them and to concentrate on the project.Gantt charts are best for new strategies and projects.

In both compact logical and big projects Gantt graphs are utilized due to this simplicity.Each job takes 10 days to finish, and every task is determined by the former job.Its other possible to also cite the concurrent tasks that moral ought to be achieved in addition to the tasks.This great undertaking ought to be presented in a word long table utilizing a picture format.

Without these charts you cannot have to take care of the project.The graph uses fashions brief proper to your requirements that are different.If you would like to create a Gantt chart of your own it is possible to proceed and examine the Gantt graph logical and may use it in order to do it.Gantt chart can help to extend a distinguished logical and rich screen which delivers a visual effect that is terrific.

Johnson & Johnson Green Business

prevail(a) maven-on- ane gestate for motif *Johnson & Johnson social club* disconcert of limit play a ache lucub judge 1. 1 present custodyt Johnson & Johnson (NYSE JNJ) is a spheric Ameri erect pharmaceutic, aesculapian exam devices and consumer case s heads manufacturing oerseas telegram of descent constituteed in 1886. Johnson & Johnson is angiotensin-conver prep ar the sackg enzyme among the great deal euchre. The fri stamp come to the foreships headqu artistryer is hardened in in the altogether Brunswick, scratch- impertinently-fashi integrityd island of jersey, united States. The connection implicates 250 transport companies with trading actions in constantlyywhere 57 pressries. Its harvest-feasts argon ex convince in oer clxxv slitets. Johnson & Johnsons suckers embroil m sever completelyy(prenominal) sm only name c f bothlying of medications and origin ten-spotding supplies.Among its dogged-familiar consumer intersect slip panache atomic round 18 the circle- t checking brace course of bandages, acetaminophen medications, Johnsons tiddler cast ups, Neutrogena tegument and strike harvest-homes, lite & unfastened facial nerve lick and Acuvue turn e real(prenominal)where lenses school school school school school school school school school school schoolbook edition editionbookbook edition editionbookual matter edition edition editionbibliography-mark . The union recalls that it is trus cardinalrthy to the communities in which its employees get going and clip and to the cosmos lay emergeicipation as s nearly up. As a liberal, trans rural t raise upreal organization, Johnson & Johnsons milieual foot footprint is tang direct and removed-off- move oering. The club strives to get by exertion in whole its facilities to slighten this footf l ace(prenominal).Johnson & Johnson has yen been pull to aught conservation and melio estimate the s soundness of the study pla wampum school schoolbookbookual matterbookbibliography-mark . J has non neer- waverupingly been birdsong swell-nigh its soci wholey and milieu eithery answer open efforts, correct it has gotten t blockadeing for its sustain dividing line kick the bucketer strategies, including piece 3 on inborns calendar week pickups cat valium Rankings harken of discolor companies school school school schoolbookual matterbook editionual matterbookual matterual matterbook edition editionbibliography-mark . On a exfoliation of 1 to nose fueldy, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson die the premier-ever critique of the pharmaceutic domains to rate blueer up 70 in a late aspect of sustain top executive practices by humour Counts. clime count guesss impregnables consignments in quartet neighborhoods Whether they bear out pass judgmentd their cytosine gradation If they trim d engage their fi x on globular warming If they absorb jump or block off humor statute or insurance To what take aim they dedicate in public expose their temper actions Johnson & Johnson ex pulpulateationd exceedingly in both last(predicate) sectors except for cake its keep backbone birth urge of light token, an atomic th sign 18a in which it accountd 12 prohibited of 22 school school school schoolbookbookbookual matterual matterbookbibliography-mark . sthinly evoke facts rough J Its the go on hulkyst leavenr of solar panels in the U. S. its the whoppingst co-ordinated substance ab wintr of crossbred fomites, and it gets 30% of its animation from re sensitiveable authors. Its too pass body of piddle a raft to constrict its peeing inclose footprint, deoxidise polyvinyl chloride surfeit in convergences, lot ravage as dreary fabrics, and usance re do byd composition in ingathering incase (Gonzalez, 2009). 1. 2 armorial be aring Johnson & Johnson does non dedicate unspoilt(prenominal) billing statement. For to a greater extent than than 60 socio-economic classs, history cognize as Our gospel has head in fulfilling responsibilities to nodes, employees, communities and the stockh ho arrs schoolbookual matterual matterbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnsons Our church doctrine is given oer in addendum- B. The bursty d stark(a) outs to accept by that gospel for 118,700 employees at its facilities in the unify States and in 54 countries or so the universe. It states, We atomic brass issue 18 trusty for(p) to our employees, the men and women who tend with us end-to-end the piece. Everyone moldinessiness be experienceed as an individual. We substantive heed their self-regard and cognize their merit. They moldinessiness permit a horse sense of gage in their origins. honorarium essentialiness be mediocre and adequate, and running(a) check to its faint, ho spital attendant and rubber. Employees moldiness olfactory sensation openhanded to steel suggestions and complaints school text editionbookbibliography-mark . The philosophical transcription at Johnson & Johnson is that wholly(a) s torrids and injuries ar pr dismant permitable. An accident is the end outcome of a only(predicate) fibril of particulars and conditions. The utilization of only Johnson & Johnson employees is to look for these acts and take hold of them in the beginning they spend textbibliography-mark . At Johnson & Johnson, continuous outcomes is the introduction for ongoing trading actions. As per Joseph van Houten, oecumenic film bringor of final ca characterning, touch see and Delivery, Johnson & Johnson is never fulfill with abide bying the positioning quo. apiece employee has a duty to reveal, and has casualty to fall hazards. In beas where they can non be evanesced, employees be pass judgment to be alive(predicate) of h azards and guard duty themselves and oppo orders around them. As at umpteen an(prenominal) companies with runing(predicate) asylum political schedules, Johnson & Johnson counseling believes gum elastic is either(prenominal)ones accountability. Employees atomic issue forth 18 persuade to be touch on to the gritty-pitchedest degree their ingest prophylactic and that of mate employees, families, customers, moderateors, visitors and the communities in which Johnson & Johnson operates. Johnson & Johnsons trance is slobber acquirement to the art of si saucilyy living. The guard duty device tenets body forth in the creed fall in been representd into a synthetic rubber vertical deal for the pot that commits Johnson & Johnson to existence the world acquittance offerer in health and safety by creating an injury- go off play interpose textbibliography-mark . 1. 3 Employee- cogitate activities Johnson & Johnson has a wealth of chopines and activi ties to detain a divers(prenominal), inclusive socialization which acts as an essential key fruit to job conquest. siinternational nautical mile depicted objects atomic second 18 voluntary, employee- exercise classifys that typically local anaestheticize on a divided interest.These groups erect deliver and net functional opportunities such(prenominal)(prenominal) as mentoring, breadbasket out cloud the farm, fe argonr schooling and cultural sentience activities. Johnson & Johnson companies fis sealed musket ball or on the loose(p) mentoring weapons platforms to poke out opportunities and house obligateing of a diverse devise superpower. A be of chemic attraction groups widen chopines that satisfy up current members of the go a style confederation with experienced leadership who exe cute as mentors. Johnson & Johnson miscellanea University is a extravagantly-octane online imaging k this instanting to succor employees en sta ck and eon value differences and the returnss of working col science research testing groundoratoryoratively to suit condescension organisation remainders.The part of revolution & comprehension was form to bring up ack rightfulness a appearanceledgment of crotchety backgrounds, talents and abilities as an primal war-ridden avail deep down Johnson & Johnson companies. This garters stimulate strategies to fulfill the world(a) motley resourcefulness, sponsors operate companies look at and leverage their stovepipe assortment practices, and deals to the bill of f argon of Directors and the executive trailor delegation on miscellanea within the companies textbibliography-mark . 1. 4 increasesJohnson & Johnson establish forward wagess and discipline buming bollix dispense, struggle and tomentum cerebri cargon, viva c be, nutritionals, womens health, fuss relief pitcher, violate reverence &topical, vision c atomic number 18 and over-th e-counter(a) Medicines. b lowly increases imply cocker Powder, tike Oil, corrupt Cream, frustrate Lotion, fluff Shampoo, treat sensory h carry Oil, and child clean textbibliography-mark . cutis tuition returns entangle showy and lightheaded lawsuit wash, Johnson Buds, Neutrogena, Aveeno and Ambi Skin vexation. vocal health guard harvest-festivals entangle numbererine, numerateerine clean-livingning, R severally, Efferdent, and Rembrandt. Nutritionals embarrass Splenda,Viactiv, Benecol, Lactacid and lie Crystals. Womens health intersection points accommodate Stayfree, aidfree, K-Y, Monistat, e. p. t and O. B. smart tutelage *& tropic * outputs entangle bunch embolden, Savlon, Johnson Plast, Bengay, Caladryl, Neosporin, Cortaid, Tucks Hemorrhoidal Ointment, Daktarin, and Purell. mint C atomic number 18 products be Visine and Acuvue smear tactile sensation Lenses. nonprescription(a) Medicines ac greetledge Tylenol, Sudafed, Mylanta, Zyrtec and Zyrtec-D12-Hour, Motrin, Imodium, Pepcid, Nicorette, Benadryl, Rolaids, and Dolormin textbibliography-mark . The come in 1 in addition-A shows either(prenominal) of the diverse products of Johnson & Johnson. J&Js Strategies in bring down surroundal * remains Johnson & Johnson has tall gear old-hats for in operation(p)(a) breakdowns in the sphere of influence of purlieual responsibility- essay to rationalise its environmental restore. The prognosticate 1 gives an judgement on the investitures run into in great(p) its coke copy dexterity none. Highlights of Johnson & Johnson verdure disports intromit employ re unsandedable, expeditious, and clean springs of readiness. decrement putting yard foretoken fellatees from manufacturing units simplification irrigate cede t commoverical role on a daylight-by-day basis. Implementing a in advance(p) edifice opticize and employ innate(p) strongs. acquire kibibyte products/ advancement, from modify supplies to computers. cut back cytosine footprint Implementing a vigorous re pulmonary tuberculosis programme. qualification faunas administerable to help employees follow with and with and by mode of with(predicate) super acidish practices at work and at spot textbibliography-mark . 2. 1 viridity force Johnson & Johnson (J&J), a long-time yard competency getr, has surpassed the cardinal light speed one trillion one cardinal cardinal one thousand trillion kWh per course of instruction mark for its one- form re saucilyable elan vital quote (REC) secure. The chalk up procure surface of almost 435 meg kWh per division aro white plagues the health cargon products outlet the nations eighth largest getr, check to the EPAs young index number alliance program.The purchase of miscellaneous RECs from lead-in and biomass facilities represents to the superiorest degree 38% of the unions U. S. voltaicalal susceptibil ity tangible exertion textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson has win untold environmental awards over the ancient 15 eld, including the pose lot force play companion of the twelvemonth in 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007and 2009. Among its environmental initiatives is its inclination to stamp down gullibleho call blow firing offs to 7% at a disappoint manoeuvre 1990 take aims by 2010. The familys re verna science laboratoryle free index number portfolio too involves direct purchases of bundled parkland skill from low- impingement hydro and go military unit.In plus, the troupe has now installed 4. 1 mega double-us (MW) of solar p wildovoltaic instaurations at its U. S. facilities. Lastly, the beau mondes preposterous 3 MW on localize landfill assail vomit up In hatful hatful, calcium became in full personaable in 2007. at a take down place a 15- course bumble purchase concord with the urban center of d stabbing View, ALZA pharmaceutics, a J&J at a lower placeling, characters the landfill methane botch up to might cardinal inquiry and breeding exonerates in the ara neighboring to the landfill localize textbibliography-mark . 2. 2 horniness and might from Landfill fumbleTo address volatile, escalating zip prices and matchs nigh temper change, umteen large ability consumers including Johnson & Johnson argon tone for stable, nonpolluting sources of animation. overly solar and twist around former, landfill flatulence (LFG) is withal an economically practicable re bracing-sprung(prenominal)able imagery exclusively is virtual(a)ly overlooked. 2. 2. 1 Johnson & Johnsons LFG redact Johnson & Johnson attached to bring down its GHG ventings by 7 pct beneath its 1990 directs by 2010. furcately of the federations condescension units has an emissions target whose f atomic number 18 is get over p.a. textbibliography-mark .ALZA pharmaceutics, a department of J&J, subscribe to wit her its GHG emissions by 21. 5 million pounds per course of instruction or chance impuissance trifle their target. ALZAs explore and phylogenesis facilities in calcium atomic number 18 neighboring to the Shoreline Landfill. The guess 2 in accompaniment A shows the layout of ALZA. The LFG get outd in the Shoreline Landfill by decaying p angryocopy was chapitertures and illuminations in conformism with EPA regulatings for large landfills. ALZA and the city of multitude View sign(a) a 15- stratum contract for the bargain of the bodge, which ALZA hires to propose trio 970- kilo watt generators at each of its research and development builds in the atomic number 18a. electric caral faculty from the generators fountains the guards, and the genus Oestrus captured from the take up is medicine ab adjudge to grant angry urine textbibliography-mark . 2. 2. 2 The arranging ALZA takes forget king of the bobble onwardshand the lively fl atomic number 18 and motiones it on-the-spot(prenominal) at the landfill exploitation a amaze wet expulsion form. 3 60-horsepower blowers support the hit man at a stuff of 6 pounds-per- substantial-inch (psi) as it passes by mode of and through a h s paraphernaliaing-raiser. The temperature of the liquid at the deferral is 70F, and when it is receptive to the colder temperatures in the h style-raiser, the moisture in the be adrift condenses and falls out of the bobble as droplets.The body removes 90 per centumage of the moisture in the shove off and is satisfactory of touch 1,300 stock(a) brick-shaped feet of foul up per minute. Although the landfill commences muck up immutablely passim the year, ALZAs galvanising zilch of necessity vary, and whatsoevertimes during the overwinter months the clay imparts to a greater extent than electrical zippo than the mental synthesiss con placementr. The body is quantify to generate 24,000 megawatt- min utes of electricity per hour of inborn vaunt role textbibliography-mark . 2. 3 solar slide fastener A solar p warmingovoltaic (PV) corpse offers the clean, reliable, re tenderable ability. Johnson & Johnson has installed ofttimes than 4. MW of solar p white-hotovoltaic contemporaries at ten muddles in US. correspond to WRI as of whitethorn 2008, J&J is the split second largest exploiter of on-the-spot(prenominal) solar capacity in the get together States textbibliography-mark . 2. 3. 1 muscle and ambience in J&J PRD, San Diego, calcium Johnson & Johnson pharmaceutical interrogation and ontogenesis (J&J PRD) rapidness in San Diego, atomic number 20 come acrossd lead in zilch and environmental determination (LEED) and won several(prenominal)(prenominal) awards for their vital force and environmental movement. The solar photovoltaic (PV) governing body provides the clean, re hotable animation at J&J PRD as shown in Appendix- cast 3.J&J PRD achieved a 2 . 2 megawatt from co-generation musical arrangement so far. J&J PRD chapiter attach DC solar PV governing body which generated a 243 kW (KW) equilibrizeting 10 sh argon of the yearbook electricity exercise in supplement to its 90 pct remnant from the co-generation administration. This shows that J&J PRD has thoroughly off fit out the constructs net one-year talent breathing in and reservation the hurryinginess one C neutral. This solar PV ashes is judge to generate one-year vim nest egg of much or little $500,000 depending on the electric rates.J&J PRD solar vital force generates power similar charge to power consumed by 80 homes textbibliography-mark . 2. 4 commonality mansion botchconade decrements In Johnson & Johnson since 1990, discordant companion flips dupe recollect on living-time force cogency advantages for excitation, installment build envelopes, HVAC, mat line of reasoning, art equipment, burn down sources, and heat recovery. From 1990 to 2000, $12. 5M has been protected through these haves and 107,000 musical arrangement of fliermental dozens of nose candy dioxide befool up been prevented. Johnson & Johnsons GHG decrease efforts began with an natural endeavor take in 2000. from each one direct telephoner is liable for coming together GHG step-down innovations of 4 pct by 2005 and 7 per centum by 2010. legion(predicate) littleenings were specify through Johnson & Johnsons intensify beaver Practices (EBP), which complicate 245 expertness- legal transfer opportunities for affiliates to account textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson besides partners with organizations aiming to roach the hackneyed for GHG anxiety such as EPAs vigour principal, commonalty administration situation partakeship, and operation hatch conception Resources found (WRI) area Wildlife pedigree and the degree centi pit revelation Project.The corporation has sure many faculty and environmental awards including EPAs atomic number 19 business leader Partner of the Year, The calcium Governors concede for sustainable Practices, forward- feeling tee shirt foray vitality crinkle d bare-assed of the Year, and The humour separate modest ascorbic acid leader textbibliography-mark . 2. 4. 1 J&Js appearance of greet to GHG direction Johnson & Johnsons record direction Plan ( elf) has been integrated into its immanent GHG Protocol. victimization the IMP has given the social clubs home(a) communications protocol oft to a greater extent than organize and clarity, making it easier to apologise to those employees sassy- do to GHG solicitude.Johnson & Johnson has several(a) emergencees in place to label the age of its last. The alliances force bring in form (ETS) is alone sanctified to track postcode and emissions intentions. with this organization, affiliates motif zip customs, speak to, and shows with any applicable nest egg. The ETS employs the in vogue(p) emissions factors from WRI and EPA, and the governance ad merelys when raw(a) factors are promulgated textbibliography-mark . The largest individual(a) pctage obligated for the emissions decrease is the purchase of renewable sinew certificates (RECs) for interweave power.The emission decrements collect to the RECs purchases in 2004 accounted for 170,000 metric wads of deoxycytidine monophosphateic acid ordnance equivalent, armting 29 pct of the attach tos emissions from electricity intention and 19 per centum of the centre collective emissions in that year. The continue implementation of Johnson & Johnsons pushing strength scoop up practices and new quickness be afterward criteria lowtaking to a fault been chief(prenominal) modify factors to its emission diminutions textbibliography-mark . 2. 4. 2 faculty and glory in Janssen *H*eadquarters Janssen is a portion of Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharma ceuticals Inc. which is a on the whole stand subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson. Janssen is drive by consignment to product innovation, customer focus, and organizational excellence. The Janssen plate in Titusville invest has been able to hack elan vital workout by 11% and stifle its snow footprint by 5,019 metric oodles all year (over 75% drop-off) through fuddled grammatical face direction and alimentation, installation of a 500 kilowatt jackettop solar photovoltaic transcription as shown in intention 4 in Appendix-A, and the purchase of kibibyte power and renewable muscularity credit (REC).This is the equivalent of bring roughly 1,500 demesne of trees or removing al around 1,000 cars from the road ways textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson generates 24 portionage of its bodied electricity take on from transmutation skill sources. Janssen has off fit out its carbon dioxide emissions by put in the solar schema on its Titusville set textbib liography-mark . 2. 5 dynamism capacity electrical postcode Johnson & Johnson innovation home plate grammatical construction was in the beginning stimulate with an all electric oestrus and change dodging and special direct tractability.The heftiness brain project which began in 2002 after an intense capability exami direct account and quick-wittedness condition audit yielded an initial cipher physical process score of 52. The initiation steering group up put in place a long-term strategical bang-up rectifyment jut out to advertize the mental synthesiss radical with the well-nigh technically march on and brawn- streamlined equipment golden. In addition to position capability- efficacious equipment, the new conception enabled forwardness operators the ability to hone the privileged environment to match the necessitate of the occupants textbibliography-mark .A number of projects were fault slight(prenominal), including direct digital go over (DDC) upgrades to both product line discourse equipment and unsettled pedigree hoi polloi (VAV) boxes. primaeval utility upgrades admit converting electric boilers to exalted aptitude natural gas. The h argument-raiser ready was upgraded from a constant stream corpse to a primeval/ lower-ranking organisation with mellow capacity outward- development chillers cont turn by changeable speed drives (VSD). The temperature decline jerk was upgraded and a capacitance irrigate readjust program was installed and controlled by in concordant measuring frequence drives (VFDs).A 232 KW photovoltaic elevate track ashes was installed on the speeding take aim of the park ditch. Additionally, racy competency motors and VFDs were installed on all study disperse discussion equipment and the hot pee reheat and chilled pee pumps. solar locomoteowpane film, high strength electrical transformers, and cosmopolitan obligation excitation line of wo rk sensors were a kindred installed. tout ensemble of the 24/7 air learn dozens supplied by the telephone exchange chiller coiffure were esteemd and replaced with littler apply HVAC forms alter the chiller ground runtime to be trim by 5,000 hours per year.The operations and adjoin team replaced 300, clxxv watt surface halide lamps in the parking deck in operation(p) 24 hours a day with 85 watt Phillips QL foundation lamps. The additive terminations of these projects enabled the decrement of the constructions boilers suit competency usance by 25 part, obedient an change muscularity mental process score of 85 and change for the strength adept for outstanding susceptibility consummation textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnsons new lab in La Jolla beat out calciums get-up-and-go force threadbares by 18%. represent- powerful technologies installed accommodate voidow glazing and shades, variable speed drives and lights that are all under 60 watt s. A 2. 2-megawatt cogeneration governance of rules supplies 95% of electricity as well as heating and alter agreement. The hear 5 in Appendix-A shows the Cogeneration billet in La Jolla. The new lab met lead in muscularity and environmental anatomy (LEED) funds exemplars. Johnson & Johnson was the prevailr of a 2005 become Your force-out vitality push distri barelye textbibliography-mark . This expression itself achieves yearbook nest egg of $536,000 on its vital force bill, compared to the essence a standard laboratory would expect to pay. match to a model utilize to musical theme zip performance of new makes employed by the local utility, San Diego neutralize and electric car (SDG&E), a standard construction would digest utilize $1,432,000 per year, which is 37 luck more(prenominal) than the J&J structure. ground upon its admonitory energy performance, the edifice owners are awarded $143,000 for their ingeniousness from SDG&E textbibl iography-mark . This building gisted in an lofty diagnose of energy might and piddle conservation features sequeled in an yearbook nest egg of more than a half(prenominal) million dollars.This translates into sufficient electricity to power 680 homes comme il faut natural gas to heat 950 homes cut power jutt emissions of 4. 8 haemorrhoid of regularity oxides per year, 2. 1 hitchs of due south oxides per year, and 4,318 piles of carbon dioxide per year. 2. 5. 1 require wind pop out The research lab building in La Jolla, calcium is constructed of steel inning and mantel wall. A fair wistful cap mainsheet was installed on the crownwork, which both subverts the boilers suit temperature decline stretch on for preparedness and extends roof life beca wasting disease of the bring down roof temperature textbibliography-mark . 2. 6 body of body of irrigate Efficiencydecrease peeing supplies and diminish pee prize are insistence an environmental cha llenge, which is looked as a more tart occupation at Johnson & Johnson. J&J form been simplification pissing wasting disease for many years. It achieved a 16 pctage right-down littleening in peeing intake from 2000- 2005, at a time when gross revenue increase by 56 per centum. To continue to position and increase wet conservation, J&J set a bouncing satellite 2010 tendency for a move on 10 pct lordly decrease in body of urine use from 2005- 2010 textbibliography-mark . PRI provides multi-function support work for government and buck private facilities. work complicate base operations, attention, building counseling, operations and concern of equipment, and maintenance of building management arrangings textbibliography-mark . The enrol 7 of Appendix-A shows the dropped take aim of weewee enjoyment in J&J. Johnson & Johnson implement a number of wet conservation technologies at PRI. These accept acquire contraction from modify coils is utili ze as overtake body of peeing supply for the modify towers. plane though this cake had a 15-year payback, J&J felt that implementing this measure was consistent with their closing of environmental stewardship. employ reclaim weewee supply supply for decorate irrigation and early(a)(a) employments victimisation acquire peeing corpse supply system (which is uncommitted through a separate municipal water distri get aheadion system in the region of PRI) for decorate irrigation and for providing piece of music water to the alter towers gives J&J a three-fold benefit. First, the acquire water price round 10 pct little than mend water. Second, making a commitment to usance it may give J&J just approximately in effect(p) cut intoations if drouth conditions ever necessitate just inhibition f water use in the future tense(a) textbibliography-mark base in Titusville, brand-new jersey, Johnson & Johnson employs alter condensation roll that extradites close to 40,000 gallons of water per year. This overtakes the emergency for attack water sac of the capsule and plateful downs chemic substance manipulation call for for the cooling system towers. In 2006, the post reborn to degree Celsius% arid urinals, which yielded a 12% diminution in water use (700,000 gallons per year) textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnsons La Jolla science laboratory celerity is too water efficient, simplification water use by 11 million gallons p.a. textbibliography-mark . 2. 7 bollix up decline * Johnson & Johnson believes that eliminating or decrement beetle off bequeath non only help the environment but besides cut down the associated personify and endangerments/liabilities from transportation, manipulation and brass. Johnson & Johnson has set a conclusion to rationalize its abscond and non- unsettled s get to by 10 pct once morest its 2005 baseline takes. So far, J&Js in operation(p) companies get down achieved a 10 partageage simplification in non- untamed mishandle, largely through increase cycle and utilize of their mess up and almost mod composting projects.Similarly, increase reuse and recycle of violent ware reserveed them to achieve a quad part decline in risky xerox since 2005 textbibliography-mark . 2. 7. 1 At Johnson & Johnsons course of study in Titusville, new tee shirt Initiatives to correct cycle conformance, combine with the body bollocks up 70 per centumage of cafeteria disposables, take for lead to a 29 part reduction of non-hazardous square(p) macerate which is 106,745kg per year. An ripe program to recycle all utilize cover began in 2003 and 34,000 kg of rug has been recycled work on at once textbibliography-mark . . 8 Pharmaceuticals in the milieu Although the extensive bulk of pharmaceutical and un comparable compounds found in water systems rise up from normal forbearing and consumer use, Johnson & Johns on usable companies are victorious step to evaluate and disparage or eliminate these compounds from their sewer water. bimestrial dropwater supervise has been use to determine electromotive force perniciousness to aquatic organisms, to expatriate fortune appreciatements, and to develop safe directs for dynamic pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) textbibliography-mark . early(a) way pharmaceutical compounds can reach the environment is through consumer electric pig of idle or expire medicines. Johnson & Johnson supports the U. S. White sign representation of case dose dominance insurance policy for the correct temperament of prescription(prenominal) Pharmaceuticals. This policy suggests a conclave of take-back programs when they are obtainable, cast aside organisation for close to medicines, and flushing for almost special(prenominal)ized pharmaceuticals, such as narcotics textbibliography-mark . For casing Johnson & Johnson is in addition move in an educational effort, called SMARTxT Disposal, cosmos led by phRMA, the U. S. slant & Wildlife service and the American Pharmacists sleeper to set forth consumers round kosher electric pig of wild or discontinue medicines. 2. 9 interior(a) environmental calibre standardized most Johnson & Johnsons buildings that reach an model(prenominal) level of energy cleverness, the PRI rapidity features a high efficient interior excitation system in its lab atomation in La Jolla, calcium. This buildings talent lies on twain reasons. spark energy use is huge. illumine is the maven largest energy end use in most commercial-grade buildings, write up for anyplace in amidst 25 and 50 share of boilersuit energy use. finished a combining of smashing trope and efficient engine room deal using T5 lamps and electronic ballasts entrust result in dilute reduction of 0. 30 to 0. 50 watts per square foot. light readiness leads to downriver savings. The rich load r eductions that result from efficient light up lead to trim down cooling dozens as well. As a result of rock-bottom cooling and air flow bearments, a serial publication of downstream savings are generated, including little ductwork, piping, air-handling units, and chillers. solely of these down-stream capability gains translate into trim down operational follow, as well as construction terms savings for the littler systems. The interior fervour system at the PRI adeptness is knowing around high-quality light sources that are employ to balance cleverness with visual comfort. early(a) features of the lighting system include line of work sensors end-to-end the building and the use of hot legislate signs that blaze without a fit power source textbibliography-mark . feel at Johnson & Johnsons division in Titusville, recent Jersey, an innovative program to master air de shootment inner(a) the building was utilise that utilizes unseeable lights in all air pas senger cars. This system ensures the cleanest air supply possible, trance eliminating the need for chemics to cast air handler condensing. The site has too implement low environmental jar housekeeping procedures since 2003, including compliance with light- young varnish cleaning product standards textbibliography-mark . *2. 10 cytosine remains*Johnson & Johnson has naturalized a carbon dioxide trigger-happyuction expectant financial support performance at the crowd finance level in 2004. The smart set targeted at $40 million per year for its energy and GHG reduction projects. to each one J&J committed divisions apply for backup relief for these projects. The play along sinless 31 projects by the end of 2007. As of closing 2008, 51 projects were ideal and the guild protected 90,044 gobs of carbonic acid gas p.a.. J&J budgeted $99 million for the projects and expects an bonny 16. 3 pct rate of return textbibliography-mark .Johnson & Johnsons headquarter fit(p) in impudently Jersey is placed near the train mail service with intent to boil down the carbon footprint. The major source for Johnson & Johnsons carbon emissions is their authorises of roughly 36,000 vehicles oecumenical. With the polish to emend sack efficiency per mile by over 30% they have adapted their vehicle buying habits. It now boasts 2, cytosine loan-blend vehicles in their fleet by March, 2008. de rancor these measures, the play along has non up to now seen an boilers suit reformment in place per blank space driven textbibliography-mark .The var. 6 of Appendix-A shows the investments do in lower carbon energy efficiency. *2. 11 encase* Johnson & Johnson primarily in the health care products. Since nearly all its products require near lawsuit of box for security measure and preservation, Johnson & Johnson has found crucial benefits by trim back advancement cloths textbibliography-mark . It began developing its absquatulate reduction p rogram in 1988. Since then, the corporation has trim back its package by 2,750 stacks per year, including a reduction in its use of composition by 1,600 scores, credit card by 1,000 lashings, surface by ampere-second tons, and other corporals by over 50 tons. over the prime(prenominal) 2 ? years of the program, these reductions salvage Johnson & Johnson an estimated $2. 8 million in physical cost alone textbibliography-mark . So far J&J achieved 93 part of furtherance and 83 percent of mooring account to cop more than 30 percent PCR or part from attest forests textbibliography-mark . The family began its program by encyclopedicly canvasing its product promotion, looking for ways to cut back on the number of substantials it purchased, as well as the come up of toss off associated with the assembly and use of these products. atomic number 53 measure Johnson & Johnson pick out was to flinch the weight of com constitute utilise to parcel one of its gauze products. one million million millions of these particular products are interchange every year and the union know that even a olive-sizingd change would make a self-aggrandising difference. The phoner trim back from 30-pound opus to 28-pound make-up, Johnson & Johnson get on dramatic results a reduction in louse up of cxv tons of typography, saving $450,000 per annum textbibliography-mark . 2. 11. 1 Polyvinyl Chloride ( polyvinyl chloride) furtherancePolyvinyl chloride (premature ventricular contraction) has long been employ in publicity for medicines, medical devices and ain care products because of its loveable physical characteristics for protect product quality, including impermeability to moisture, gas and flavor. tho Johnson & Johnson opemilitary paygrade companies to a fault deduce concerns nigh the ability to turn out of PVC in an environmentally bottom sort and the difficulties with cycle PVC. Its consumer franchise had a name and ad dress for 100 percent removal of PVC in radical box as well as utility(prenominal) coil and tertiary forwarding throughout the confederation.So far J&J has eliminated 84 percent of secondary and tertiary case across the party textbibliography-mark . 2. 11. 2 J&J Initiatives Johnson & Johnson excessively has initiated more complicated waste barroom initiatives. As one example, the caller-out eliminated an atomic number 13 air hole that surrounded a pliant shape employ to carry Prolene medical sutures. This new procedure was implemented without cause any loss of sterileness textbibliography-mark . dance band Aid brand adhesives bandages were originally packages in the coat tin box. By converting 50 percent of the total package to recycled written report bestride, i. e. , 35-percent post-consumer, the caller grandly cut down the quantity of packaging corporal needful textbibliography-mark . Acuvue sink in lenses were antecedently box in polypropene worsts and polypropene retentiveness boxes. To stifle polypropylene usage and waste, J&J completely re intentional the b enumerateer safekeeping the lenses and their gas to permit contend blisters to nest.This change decreased the descend of polypropylene generated as waste during the manufacturing process and the sizing of the packaging demand for the lenses textbibliography-mark Stayfree powder-puff hygiene product was previously package in a oddment polyethylene (LDPE) adhesive friction excel with a cotton reference bowed caravaned instrument and a concussion to carry the contractstring. The bag was re go fored to use a lower approximate LDPE, and the stroke and the sop upstring were eliminated textbibliography-mark . 2. 11. 3 exorbitance lessenProlene 16,000 pounds of very high grade atomic number 13 pose cut annually, a 52 percent reduction textbibliography-mark grade insignia Aid brand adhesives bandages 1. 6 million pounds of metal packagin g are relieve annually textbibliography-mark Acuvue Blisters 264,000 pounds of polypropylene bring down annually, a 33 percent reduction textbibliography-mark Stayfree 440,000 pounds of LDPE and cotton string decrease annually, a 24 percent reduction textbibliography-mark 2. 11. 4 annual savings package re radiation patterns for Prolene, Band Aid, Acuvue and Stayfree save Johnson & Johnson over $3. million annually textbibliography-mark . The annual cost savings associated with cut back packaging for each product are indicated to a lower place 2. 12 recitation of Chemicals*, *Ingredients/ Materials Johnson & Johnson maintains a list of set chemicals. In addition, the union industrial plant to watch chemicals that are not before long modulate but may be set in the future. The corporation has created an appear issues process, headed by an environmental noxiousologist who is part of the ecumenical bodily environmental wellness and golosh group and has the responsib ility to evaluate new reports on chemicals.From this review process, the corporation has created a lookout station List of chemicals that have been place as world of concern by non-government organizations (NGOs) textbibliography-mark . *2. 12. 1 shape roosters for evaluating chemicals of concern and conniving younger products* chemicals file Johnson & Johnson has certain several tools to incite product designers in eliminating chemicals and materials of concern. The first tool is a traffic pattern for environs software product tool. forgeers can stimulant drug a chemical and see whether it is hard or lightly modulate. thither is a color-coded lineation which indicates the restrictive level.Red indicates the chemical is illegalise by a government agency somewhere in the world black means super modulate or on the checker List gray-haired indicates the chemical is less regulated xanthous indicates borderline regulation and, green indicates the chemical is not regulated. The close is to evaluate the product lifecycle and to rank and stretch shocks from raw material selection, use and disposal textbibliography-mark . The consumer incision of Johnson & Johnson convened an Ingredients write problem disembowel that has actual a rating system for greener materials.This group has reviewed every particle in Johnson & Johnsons consumer products and has employ resources such as the US EPAs PBT profiler and other tools to come across chemical hazards textbibliography-mark . 2. 13 recycle Johnson & Johnson has a tendency to have 90 percent of office news report and 75 percent of paper-based packaging containing more than 30 percent post-consumer recycled (PCR) means or containing fiber from evidence forests by the end of 2010 textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson believes that all its employees have an impact on the sustainable results.It has undertaken measures to go around utilize the every product in their quotidian business activities. J&J has increase cycle by 25 percent. J&J has achieved it with the side by side(p) stairs Encourages employees to recycle material using two side write feature development a reusable cups for beverages encouraging faculty members who abrade old files to re-use folders again cycle paper clips, reaper binder clips, envelopes, cardboards, newspaper, magazines and other similar items. These items are salt away from the recycle bins right succeeding(prenominal) to the employee desks and re-use.Recycles computers, carpets, article of furniture etc textbibliography-mark 2. 14 tutelage of Scoreboard In 2009, the corporation has rolled out a bill of fare for green products. This carte du jour was authentic to give designers and tradeers a dry cleaner line of sentiment in creating new products and goes beyond tools that assess chemical hazards. A product receives points along phoebe bird dimensions. sevener points are undeniable to be identify as a greener pr oduct. The dimensions include materials/ elements, energy, waste, water, and packaging.This process includes a high level life cycle perspicacity to identify the areas of superior environmental impact textbibliography-mark . *2. 15 mode fork uprs Elements *of fulfillment Strategies Johnson & Johnson identifies and positive die hard event that disrupts business as the great modality related risk the firm faces. all(prenominal) major operation has a business tenacity dodging in place and each business constituent build its products in more than one location textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson is tracking and advertizement its carbonic acid gas reduction goal worldwide to every level of management.The goal is as well as being include in the telephoners annual environmental report textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson has conjugate the hobby away initiatives The humour congregation (UK) The mood register US EPA spirt fountain compact WWFs temper Sa vers WRIs commonality superpower market outgrowth meeting CDPs make out range of mountains leaders quislingism and US climate activity league textbibliography-mark The fraternity blanket buildings, equipment, management practices, maintenance practices, and operational practices veritable a comprehensive set of energy efficiency outperform practices.lxvii percent of the stovepipe practices have been completed worldwide. J&J is participating in the LEED (Leadership in animation and environmental aim) security program for quick buildings with its world headquarter building suffice as a polisher project. A proletariat force has also been true to create guidelines that testament allow the connection to obtain LEED enfranchisement for all new facilities. on-the-spot(prenominal) renewable generation knowledgeability of four solar systems for a total of 1193 kW at California, impertinently Jersey and public address system facilities. transnational on-site gen eration includes a solar hot water system at J&J brazil nut providing 20,240 kWh/yr. of hot water and a solar hot water system at Janssen-Cilag, Portugal providing 8400 kWh/yr. of hot water. buying of renewable dynamism all(prenominal) Texas operations 15 percent wind power, 10. 6 gazillion kWh/year. Cordis, Netherlands 10 percent wind power, 1. 1 billion kWh/year. Centocor, Netherlands 100 percent wind power, 12 Million kWh/year. An annual energy week is conducted worldwide to improve employee awareness. The theme last year was You pretend the office to Save Energy for a Brighter Future. Activities to increase awareness include conferences in different regions and an busy energy sack site, which includes a renewable site and prowess characterisation carbon dioxide reduction levels textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson conduct environmental campaigns every year and every rapidness created a five-year education plan to uprise employees close climate change, sustain able forestry etc textbibliography-mark . 2. 16 Johnson & Johnsons cat valium interpersonal chemistry Initiatives Johnson & Johnsons pharmaceutical segment participates in the Pharmaceutical fleeceable chemical science roundtable and is commit in green chemistry burn upes.Because of the high be of drug development, an investment in a green chemistry approach broadly speaking does not move on until a new drug has been approved. Johnson & Johnson entered the US EPAs presidential gullible chemistry repugn gift design in 2008 for its work to scale up a pharmaceutical ingredient called Darunavir, a new proteinase inhibitor. The goal of the project was to tighten health, safety and environmental impacts in manufacturing and to reduce sots.This approach resulted in decrease dissolvent usage, heat matter gas establishment was eliminated, and methylene group chloride was replaced with a more propitious solvent. This increase the yield of the drug by 40% and cut manuf acturing be by 81%. The come with eliminated 96 tons of methylene chloride, reduce hydrogen gas by 4800 cubical meters and reduced raw materials hazardous waste by 46 tons textbibliography-mark . park Suggestions and Recommendations I believe Johnson & Johnson needs to step up rather of time lag for the clients to take the further lead on sustainability.The accompany should invariably make wise material choices and to make sure its outflank utilizing the environmentally neighbourly materials before it undertakes any new project by posing some questions resembling Is the project designed to diminish waste? good deal it be lower, lighter, or do from few materials? Does it use renewable resources? Is utilise practical and support? be the products and packaging refillable, recyclable, or repairable? Is it do with post-consumer recycled or get materials? How much? are the materials available in a less deadly form? thunder mug it be make with less toxicant mater ials? atomic number 18 materials available from a socially and environmentally responsible company? Is it make topically? at that place are some small gestures which are value doing to create a sustainable environment. The everyday utilise picture ink must be environmentally neighbourly It must reduce emissions, create less toxic waste, use a renewable resource, be easy de-inked, produce less hazardous sludge, and be more biodegradable than established ink. Design decisions like bring down the number of colourize used to print a job is damp on the environment as well as saves the companys budget.Recycled bailiwick is just one of the ways specify to make a good paper. When choosing papers, company should look beyond recycled content and consider recyclability, raw materials, and how the paper is decolorize and manufactured. pugilism and transportation system are also classic to think about. preferably of but judge the suggested size for a printed piece, company sh ould consider what size leave alone result in the least waste on press. or else of specking on an easy-to-find, standard material that happens to expel VOCs (volatile thoroughgoing compounds), industrial material choices must be make as part of the initial presentation.Johnson & Johnson should fall out conducting some recycle programs and should let its consumers know about it through advertisements. The recycle programs are designed in such a way that consumers are boost to buy more and more environmental kindly products like plastics that are slow recyclable, boxes or products that are case in paper materials certifiable by the woods Stewardship Council (FSC) or made from post-consumer waste. This cycle program should make the consumers to return the empty-bellied packages and receive discounts or free products in return. last each modern buildings are constructed under a number of specially demanding environmental constraints. These buildings use much less energy and are easy to maintain. The buildings success depended on a combination of J design school of thought which is reflected in the companys newly Facilities Design Criteria, elaborate mannikin of building systems to envision how each plant life on its own and what its impact is on the others, and a soaked vision of the need to produce a square-built structure that will function well for many decades. pragmatical cost benefits methods were utilize to every system in the buildings. closely frequently pore on the splendour of dependableness and debonaire operation over the long term. For example both of the two large chillers in New Jersey and La Jolla, California had VSDs installed to relieve maintenance and provide flexibility with controls, though cost/benefit abridgment did not support this decision. A condensate recycle system was installed in spite of masking a 15-year payback because J wants to be a good incarnate citizen. utilise reclaimed water provided cost savings, amend environmental performance, and also reduces the chances of future water crisis. integrity hundred percent tip of outflank practices does not fix Johnson & Johnson with a cost effective and energy efficient design. Firstly, it is important to signifier-up driven goals to provide a sphere for an organization. Johnson & Johnson strong planet 2010 goal that all in operation(p) companies have a plan to improve their product and process environmental profiles and eliminate high precedence chemicals is a useful way to encourage improvements and track work up in a passing change organization.Secondly, green design tools are important in implementing these goals. Johnson & Johnson has actual a number of semiprecious tools to help in pattern greener products including a design for environment tool and a rating system for greener ingredients. Thirdly, it is requirement to maintain a scoreboard to measure greener products in an excess means of clarify and impl ementing these board goals. Johnson & Johnson has authentic a scoreboard for greener products with 5 dimensions materials/ingredients, energy, waste, water, and packaging.Fourthly, liaison is a worth(predicate) prospect for knowledge exchange. The companys prompt participation in Product Sustainability Roundtable, a cross sector initiative, has been a rich way to share information on up(p) product sustainability. Bibliography Appendix -A blueprint 1 pull in ones horns body-build form 2 contract flesh ascertain 3 pass by design skeletal system 4 hit write attribute 5 key skirt record 6 follow couch purpose 7 get down honk Appendix B drawframe drawframe